Solar Panel Angle Calculator

Find a practical fixed or seasonal solar panel tilt from latitude. The result is meant for quick planning when comparing roof pitch, ground mounts, or adjustable racking options before detailed solar design.

How to use this calculator

Enter Latitude using a positive value for the northern hemisphere or a negative value for the southern hemisphere. Choose Fixed for one year-round recommendation or Seasonal to also show local summer, local winter, and spring or fall tilt values. The primary result is Fixed year-round angle.

Formula

The fixed setting uses the implemented latitude multiplier:

$fixed\ angle = |latitude| \times 0.87$

When seasonal values are requested, the calculator uses:

$summer = |latitude| - 15$

$winter = |latitude| + 15$

$spring\ or\ fall = |latitude|$

Example

At 40.7 degrees latitude, the fixed angle is about 35.4 degrees. The seasonal option also shows a flatter summer angle and steeper winter angle, matching the higher summer sun and lower winter sun.

Interpreting tilt choices

A perfect tilt is less valuable than avoiding shade and using structurally sound mounting. Fixed roof systems often accept a small angle compromise for durability and cost. Use this with the solar panel calculator for energy and savings estimates, and compare seasonal sun timing with the daylight hours calculator.